Pull cord lock



July 15, 1969 o. T. sTALL.

PULL CORD LOCK Filed oct. ze, 19e? United States Patent O U.S. Cl.160-344 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A pull cord lock including,an elongate body with inner and outer ends, a substantially at,horizontal top and substantially vertical, laterally spaced, parallelsides, an elongate block with inner and outer ends, la substantiallyupwardly disposed top, laterally spaced, laterally outwardly disposedsides and a substantially downwardly disposed bottom and arranged withinthe body below the top and sides of the body, pivot means pivotallyconnecting the inner end of the block to theinner end of the body `withthe top of the block normally spaced below the top of the body, atransversely extending longitudinally outwardly and downwardly disposedcord engaging upper cleat on the top Wall of the Ibody spacedlongitudinally outward from the pivot means, a transversely extendinglongitudinally inwardly and upwardly disposed lower cleat on the top ofthe block spaced below the upper cleat cord guide means in the blocklongitudinally Ioutward of the lower cleat guiding two end portions of apull cord upwardly from between the block and, thence, longitudinallyinwardly -between the tops of the block and the body and between thecleats and spring means between the pivot means and the cleats normallyyieldingly urging the outer end of the block and the lower cleatupwardly and inwardly yabout the axis of the pivot means whereby thecleats establish yielding pressure engagement of the portions of thecord engaged therebetween.

This invention relates to a piece of drapery hardware, and is moreparticularly concerned with a novel pull cord lolck.

It is common practice in the drapery art to provide an elongatehorizontally disposed traverse rod, mounting means to support the rod atpoints spaced along its longitudinal extent and in iixed `spacedrelationship from a wall, and above a Window opening therein, -aplurality of glides slidaibly engaged in the rod and to which the upperedges yof drapery panels are xed to be supported by the rod and glidesand to depend therefrom and to occur across the window opening. It isfurther common practice to provide an elongate pull cord engaged about asheave at one end of the traverse rod and extending longitudinallythrough the rod and over and downwardly from a roller at the other endof the rod. The two parallel lengths of cord within the rod are fixed tosliding glidelike master carriers related to the inner adjacent ends ofthe upper edges of the panels in such a manner that by pulling one orthe other of the depending end portions of the cord, the drapery panelsand their glides can be shifted longitudinally of the rod, into and outof engagement across the window opening. Whenthe panels are positionedto overlie or cover the window opening, they are extended. Whenpositioned to leave the window open or unobstructed, the panels arepleated and gathered at the ends of the rod.

There are several widely used special structures or apparatuses whichtend to load, 4by spring or Weight, the draperies and the pull cords sothat the draperies to iwhich these cords are related are normallyyieldingly urged towards their opened (gathered) or closed y(extended)positions.

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One such structure consists of an elongate sinuate drapery pleaterspring formed of spring steel. The pleater spring is engaged in an upperhem in a drapery panel and yieldingly urges the drapery in a gatheredor' pleated condition. Such pleater is provided with suitable means tofacilitate engagement and fixing of the glides thereto.

In such a construction and in other constructions which tend toyieldingly or otherwise urge the draperies to one of their two positions(opened or closed), means must be provided to releasably lock and holdthe pull cords so that the draperies can be selectively shifted to adesired position, either opened, closed or some intermediate position,by pulling the end portions of the cords and so that when the cords arereleased, they will be locked or held in such a manner that the forcesnormally tending to urge the draperies and the cords longitudinally ofthe traverse rods, will be checked or effectively overcome.

Several such pull cord lock means have been provided by the prior art.The most familiar of such means is the conventional cam or bull-dogcleat type pull cord lock that is provided on Venetian blindconstructions, which serves to lock and hold the cords in any desiredposition and prevent the blind construction from dropping from an up orpartially up position to its down position due to its own weight.

A characteristic of pull cord locks provided by the prior art is thatthe portions of the cord-s that are engaged to operate the drapery orblind constructions must be drawn taut and pulled laterally in apredetermined manner and direction to release the lock means, and mustbe pulled laterally in another or opposite direction to lock the saidlocking means. This requirement is extremely unsatisfactory as itfrequently happens that surrounding structures establish obstacles whichprevent or make it extremely difcult to pull the cords laterally to eectoperation of the locking means.

One pull cord lock construction which overcomes the shortcomings foundin most pull cord locks provided by the prior .art is described in myUnited States Patent No. 3,253,645, issued May 31, 1966. While thestructure disclosed in this patent proved to be extremely elfective andwas a commercial success, it was difficult and costly to manufacture andwas replete with minor shortcomings.

An object of my invention is to provide a novel pull cord locking meanswhich is .such that the cord can be pulled from any angle to effectshifting of the cord related to it.

An object and feature of my invention is to provide a structure of thecharacter referred to wherein the locking means involves a body with agripping edge and engageable in the end of a traverse rod, aspringloaded block through and/or about which a related pull cord isengaged and guided and having a gripper edge or cleat opposing andolfset from the gripping edge of the body and over which the cordextends whereby the cord is normally yieldingly engaged and held betweenthe opposing offset edges.

Another object and feature of the present invention is to provide astructure of the character referred to involving two molded plasticports, a metal spring, a bolt and a nut.

It is another object of the invention to provide a structure of thecharacter referred to which is extremely easy and economical tomanufacture, and a structure which is both highly effective anddependable in operation.

The foregoing and other objects and features of my invention will befully understood from the following detailed description of typicalpreferred forms and applications of my invention, throughout whichdescription reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a drapery installation with a pull cordlock as provided by the present invention related thereto;

FIG. 2 isanenlarged View of my new pull cord lockV taken substantiallyas indicated by line 2 2 on FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view taken as indicated by line 3 3 on FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view taken as indicated by line 4 4 on FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a view taken as indicated by line 5 5 on FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a View taken as indicated by line 6 6 On FIG. 5; and,

vFIG.-7 is an isometric view of another form of the invention.

The present invention has to do with a drapery pull cord lock A, adaptedto engage and releasably hold a drapery pull cord C in fixed position.

The lpull cord lock A that I provide is particularly adapted for use intraverse rod drapery installations, especially where the cords aresubject to forces which normally tend to shift the cords, independentlyof outside or manually applied forces.

In FIG. l of the drawings, I have illustrated a portion of a typicaltraverse rod type drapery installation or construction, whichinstallation includes, basically, a drapery supporting traverse rod Rand mounting means M securing the rod to a wall structure W in xed,parallel spaced relationship thereto. The rod R is an elongate,horizontallyy disposed steel member, substantially C-shaped incross-section having open ends and a longitudinal, downwardly openingslot.

The drapery installation illustrated further includes a plurality oflongitudinally spaced glides (not shown) slidably engaged in the slot inthe T rod to depend therefrom, a pair of drapery panels D having hems Hat or along their upper edges, and elongate, sinuate drapery pleaters Pof spring steel engaged in the hems H and normally yieldingly urging thedrapery panels into gathered pleated condition. The hems of the draperypanels and the pleaters related thereto are suitably engaged by theglides whereby the drapery panels are suspended from the drapery rods Rfor substantially free, longitudinal shifting relative thereto.

The outer ends of the drapery panels and pleaters, at the ends of therod, are engaged about and anchored at the ends of the rod by suitablereturn means (not shown] while the inner ends of the drapery panels andpleaters are xed to master carriers E which are in the nature ofmodified glides, slidably carried by the rod and provided withcord-engaging means (not shown) fixed to the inner ends of the draperiesand pleaters to their related portions of the cord.

Since the noted return means at the ends of the rod and the noted mastercarriers can vary widely in construction without affecting the noveltyof this invention, I have elected to illustrate them in a diagrammaticfashion and will not burden this disclosure with further descriptionthereof.

The installation illustrated further includes a sheave S arranged withinthe rod R at one end thereof, the pull cord lock A, as provided by thepresent invention at the other end of the rod R and the pull cord Cextending upwardly into the lock A, then longitudinally through the rodR and about the sheave S, thence back to and through the pull cord lockA to depend therefrom. The master carriers E are fixed to the cord, eachbeing fixed to one longitudinally extending portion of the cord withinthe rod, and so that when the cord is pulled so as to shift the saidlongitudinal portions thereof, within the rod, the master carriers E andthe ends of the drapery panels are shifted longitudinally outwardly toan open position, or longitudinally inwardly t0 a closed position, ascircumstances require.

It will be apparent that with the combination and relationship of partsset forth above, the resilient pleater engaged in the drapery panelsnormally yieldingly urge the panels from their closed position, as shownin FIG. l,

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to their open position, and that the pull cord lock A serves to preventthe free shifting of the drapery panels, by releasably holding orgripping the cord C.

The pull lock A that I provide includes an elongate molded plastic bodyB, an elongate molded plastic block F, pivotally related to andextending longitudinally of the body, spring means G between the bodyand the block and including a nut and bolt assembly comprising a bolt10, nut 1I and a helical compression spring I2.

The body and block cooperate to deline pivot means H between the bodyand the block, and gripping means I to engage a related pull cord C.

The block F is formed with or delines cord guide means J.

The body B is an elongate unitary, box-like structure having inner andouter ends 20 and 21, longitudinal, laterally spaced, parallel, verticalside walls 22, a flat, horizontal, longitudinal top wall 23 and an outerend wall 24 closing the outer end 21.

The body B is rectangular in cross-section and is of suol,y vertical andlateral extent that it will slidably enter and establish snug frictionalengagement in a related travers: rod R, as clearly illustrated in FIGS.2, 3 and 4 of th..l drawings.

The outer end wall 24 of the body projects vertically and laterallyoutwardly from the top and side walls of the body to detine a stopshoulder 25 to engage the related end of the rod R and to thereby stopand limit longitudinal inward shifting of the body in the rod and assureproper orientation of the rod and block.

It is to be noted that the body B is, in cross-section, U-shaped andopens downwardly, that the rod R is likewise U-shaped and opensdownwardly and that the open bottom sides of the body and the openbottom side or slot T of the rod R are in register so that free accessto the interior of the body is available through the slot T when the rodand body are assembled.

In addition to the foregoing, the body B is provided with a transverselyextending, downwardly and longitudinally outwardly disposed cordengaging gripping corner or upper cleat 26, spaced between the ends ofthe body and adjacent the top wall 23 thereof. In the case illustratedthe cleat 26 is established and/or defined by the rear transverselyextending edge 27 of an opening 28 established in the top wall 23 of thebody between the ends thereof.

In practice, the corner-like upper cleat 26 can be established in anyone of a number of different ways, for example, it could be establishedby a transversely extending, rectangular rib or the like formed on thebottom side of the top wall, if desired or if circumstances require.

The side walls 22 of the body are provided with axially aligned,laterally and downwardly opening notches 29 at their lower edges 30 andadjacent or in close proximity to the inner end of the body. The notches29 are bearing seats for the pivot means H, as will hereinafter bedescribed.

Finally, the body B is provided with a central vertical bolt receivingopening 31 adjacent or in close proximity to the inner side of the cleat26 and spaced longiiudinally outward from the pivot means H. In the caseillustrated the opening 31 is a countersink and cooperatively receivesthe head 32 ofthe bolt 10.

The body can, in addition to the foregoing, be provided with additionalor collateral features, such as Areinforcing walls and webs, pockets orrecesses as at 33 and supporting posts, such as illustrated at 34, forsupporting and accommodating related drapery hardware, such as returnmeans bars and the like.

Since such other drapery hardware and means do not affect the novelty ofthis invention and are of a collateral nature, I will not burden thisdisclosure with further detailed description thereof.

The block F, like the body B, is an elongate, unitary part and has innerand outer ends and 41, a vertically disposed top 42, a bottom 43, andlaterally outwardly disposed side 44.

The block F is slightly less in lateral extent than the interior lateralextent of the body and is arranged between the side walls 22 of the bodyfor free vertical pivotal movement therein.

The inner end of the block is provided with a pair of laterallyoutwardly projecting pivot bosses or pins 45 in axial alignment with andcooperatively engaged and pivotally seated in the notches 29.

It `will be apparent that the pivot pins 45 and notches 29 cooperate todefine the pivot means H and that the inner end of .the block issuitably pivotally mounted in the inner end of the body.

The block F is provided with a central, vertically extending opening 46in substantial vertical alignment with the opening 31 in the body andthrough which the bolt 10 of the spring means G freely projects, as itdepends from the top wall of the body.

The block F is further provided with a lower transversely extendingcleat 47, which cleat is spaced below and slightly forward of the uppercleat 26 on the body.

The cleat 47, like the cleat 26, can =be established in any one of anumber of different manners. In the case illustrated, the cleat 47 isdefined by the upwardly and laterally inwardly disposed outer edge of atransversely extending channel 48 in the top 42 of the block.

The block F further includes the cord guide means I, which meansinvolves a pair of vertical guide openings 49 and 50 through which theopposite end portions of the cord C are engaged.

In the preferred carrying out of the invention, the openings 49 and 50are arranged in longitudinal spaced relationship on the centrallongitudinal axis of the construction so that the cords depend from theconstruction on the central vertical, longitudinal plane thereof andfreely through the central gap or slot T in the rod R. Accordingly, andas illustrated, the opening 49 is spaced longitudinally inwardly of theopening 50.

The cord guide means further includes an upwardly, longitudinally,inwardly and laterally extending, curved cord directing groove joiningeach opening 49 and 50 and fairing into the top 42 of the blocklongitudinally outward of the cleat 47 thereon and so that one endportion of the cord occurs at one side and the other end portion of thecord occurs at the other side of the central axis of the construction asthe cord portion extends longitudinally inwardly of the construction andso that one portion of the cord is guided below and clear of the otherportion o-f the cord, free from interference therewith, as the cordsextend longitudinally outwardly and laterally inwardly towards andthence downwardly through the openings 49 and 50.

In the case illustrated and as shown in FIG. 6 of the drawings, inneropening 49 is joined with a first, longitudinally inwardly and upwardlycurved guide groove 51 which is inclined longitudinally inwardly andlaterally to the left side of the central axis of the construction(looking longitudinally inwardly from the outer end of the construction)and the outer opening 50 is provided with a similar guide groove `52,except that the groove 52 is laterally inwardly inclined to the rightside of the central axis of the construction.

The groove 51 is longer and deeper than the groove 52 so that theportion of the cord engaged thereon occurs well below the portion of thecord in the groove 52 where the portions of the cord converge with thecentral vertical plane of the construction.

With the means I it will be apparent that the portions of the cord aredirected and maintained in laterally spaced, parallel relationship witheach other in the rod R and in longitudinal spaced, parallelrelationship on the central vertical plane of the construction as theydepend from the construction.

The means J maintains the cord portions free and clear of each other andpreferably free and clear of the bolt 10, though this latter feature isnot necessary since the bolt can, if desired, be employed as a spacer-for the cord portions and to supplement the function of the grooves 49and 50.

In practice and as illustrated, the lower side portions of the block canbe relieved so that the lower portion of the block is in the nature of acentral, longitudinally extending, depending rib, less in lateral extentthan the slot T in the rod R and so the rib-like portion of the blockcan extend freely through the slot T and depend from the rod, as clearlyillustrated in the drawings.

The nut 11 of the means G is engaged on the lower end of the bolt 10 inspaced relationship below the bottorn 43 of the block and the spring 12is engaged about the bolt between the nut 11 and the bottom of the blockto normally yieldingly -urge the block upwardly, with the pivot pins ofthe means H firmly pivotally seated in the notches 29 of the means H andso that the outer portion of the block is pivoted upwardly andlongitudinally inwarly about the axis of the means H.

Upward and inward pivoting of the block in the above manner urges thelower cleat 47 upwardly and rearward-v ly toward the upper cleat 26 andso that the end portions of the cord C, as they extend longitudinallybetween the cleats, are engaged thereby, the lower cleat being outwardof the upper cleat urging the cord portions upwardly and longitudinallyoutward about the upper cleat and the upper cleat urging the cordportions downwardly and inwardly about the lower cleat and so that thecord portions are effectively held and locked against longitudinalinward and outward movement between the cleats.

When one or the other depending end portions of the cord C is manuallyengaged and pulled downwardly, the outer end portion of the block isyieldingly urged and pivoted downwardly about the axis of the means H,shifting the lower outer cleat 47 down and away from the upper cleat 26,thereby yieldingly releasing the cord holding and/or locking actionnormally afforded by the construction and allowing for free longitudinalshifting of the cord portions in and through the construction.

Upon release of the cord, the lock automatically and mechanically locksthe cords, as above set forth.

In practice, the nut 11 is threadedly engaged on the bolt 10 and is suchthat it can be advanced on the bolt so as to vary the pressure at whichthe pull cord is gripped and held.

In the form of the invention shown in FIG. 7 of the drawings, springmeans G is provided to pivotally connect the block F with the body B',thereby eliminating the bolt, spring and nut assembly and the pivotmeans provided in the rst form of the invention.

The spring means G involves a simple, substantially U-shaped leaf springwith a rounded base portion 101 and substantially longitudinallyoutwardly projecting upper and lower legs 102 and 103. The lower leg iSengaged in a slot 104 provided in the inner end of the block F and theupper is suitably lixed to the body. In the case illustrated the upperleg is provided with upwardly turned, laterally spaced, aperturedmounting tabs 105 which are fixed to the side walls of the body bysuitable rivet fasteners 106.

It will be apparent that the means G serves the dual purpose ofpivotally mounting the block to the body and yieldingly urging the blockupwardly in the body.

In practice, the means G can be varied widely in form and constructionwithout departing from the spirit of this invention.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. A pull cord lock including an elongate body with inner and outerends, a substantially at, horizontal top and substantially vertical,laterally spaced, parallel sides, an elongate block with inner and outerends, a substantially upwardly disposed top, laterally spaced, laterallyoutwardly disposed sides and a substantially downwardly disposed bottom,and arranged within the body below the top and between the sides of thebody, pivot means pivotally connecting the inner end of the block to theinner end of the body with the top of the block normally spaced belowthe top of the body, a transversely extending, longitudinally outwardlyand downwardly disposed cord engaging upper cleat on the top `wall ofthe body spaced longitudinally outward from the pivot means, atransversely extending longitudinally inwardly and upwardly disposedlower cleat on the top of the block spaced below and longitudinallyoffset from the upper cleat, cord guide means in the blocklongitudinally outward of the lower cleat guiding two end portions of apull cord upwardly from below the block and thence longitudinallyinwardly between the tops of the block and the body and between thecleats and spring means normally yieldingly urging the outer end of theblock and the lower cleat upwardly and inwardly about the axis of thepivot means whereby the cleats establish yielding pressure engagement onthe portions of the cord engaged therebetween at longitudinally spacedpoints on the portions of the cord and said portions of the cord arekinked between the cleats.

2. A structure as set forth in claim 1 `wherein said lower cleat isspaced longitudinally outward of the upper cleat whereby said lowercleat urges the adjacent portions of the cord upwardly andlongitudinally outward about the upper cleat and said upper cleat urgesthe adjacent portions of the cord downwardly and longitudinally inwardabout the lower cleat when the cleats are urged into pressure engagementwith the cord portions and whereby the central axis of the portions ofthe cord extending longitudinally outward from the cleats are offsetfrom the axis of the portions of the cords extending longitudinallyinward from the cleats.

3. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said guide means includeslongitudinally spaced inner and outer vertical ycord receiving openingsin the block and the central axis thereof, an upwardly andlongitudinally inwardly curved cord guide groove extendinglongitudinally inwardly and laterally toward one side of the block fromthe inner opening and an upwardly and longitudinally inwardly curvedcord guide groove extending longitudinally inwardly and laterally towardthe other side of the block from the outer opening whereby the cords areguided into laterally spaced, parallel relationship between the cleats.

4. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said lower cleat isspaced longitudinally outward of the upper cleat whereby said lowercleat urges the adjacent portions of the cord upwardly andlongitudinally outward about the upper cleat and Said upper cleat urgesthe adjacent portions of the cord downwardly and longitudinally inwardabout the lower cleat when the cleats are urged into pressure engagementwith the cord portions, said guide means including longitudinallyspaced, inner and outer vertical cord receiving openings in the blockand the central axis thereof, an upwardly and longitudinally inwardlycurved cord guide groove extending longitudinally inwardly and laterallytoward the other side of the block from the outer opening whereby thecords are guided into laterally spaced, parallel relationship betweenthe cleats.

5. A structure as set forth in claim l wherein said spring meansincludes an elongate vertical bolt carried by the body between the pivotmeans and the cleats and depending therefrom, an opening in the blockfreely receiving the bolt, stop means at the lower end of the bolt andspaced below the block and a compression spring about the bolt, betweenthe stop means and the block and normally yieldingly urging the blockupwardly relative to the body and about the pivot means.

6. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said lower cleat isspaced longitudinally outward of the upper cleat whereby said lowercleat urges the adjacent portions of the cord upwardly andlongitudinally outward about the upper cleat and said upper cleat urgesthe adjacent portions of the cord downwardly and longitudinally inwardabout the lower cleat when the cleats are urged into pressure engagementwith the cord portions, said spring means including an elongate verticalbolt carried by the body between the pivot means and the cleats anddepending therefrom, an opening in the block freely receiving the bolt,stop means at the lower end of the bolt and spaced below the block and acompression spring about the bolt, between the stop means and the blockand normally yieldingly urging the block upwardly relative to the bodyand about the pivot means.

7. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said guide means includeslongitudinally spaced innerl and outer vertical cord receiving openingsin the block and the central axis thereof, an upwardly andlongitudinally inwardly curved cord guide groove extendinglongitudinally inwardly and laterally toward one side of the block fromthe inner opening and an upwardly and longitudinally inwardly curvedcord guide groove extending longitudinally inwardly and laterally towardthe other side of the block from the outer opening whereby the cords areguided into laterally spaced, parallel relationship between the cleats,said spring means including an elongate vertical bolt carried by thebody between the pivot means and the cleats and depending therefrom, anopening in the block freely receiving the bolt, stop means at the lowerend of the bolt and spaced below the block and a compression springabout the bolt, between the stop means and the block and normallyyieldingly urging the block upwardly relative to the body and about thepivot means.

8. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said lower cleat isspaced longitudinally outward of the upper cleat whereby said lowercleat urges the adjacent portions of the cord upwardly andlongitudinally outward about the upper cleat and said upper cleat urgesthe adjacent portions of the cord downwardly and longitudinally inwardabout the lower cleat when the cleats are urged into pressure engagementwith the cord portions, said guide means including longitudinallyspaced, inner and outer vertical cord receiving openings in the blockand the central axis thereof, an upwardly and longitudinally inwardlycurved cord guide grooves extending longitudinally inwardly andlaterally toward the other side of the block from the outer openingwhereby the cords are guided into laterally spaced, parallelrelationship between the cleats.

9. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said pivot means includeslaterally outwardly projecting pivot pins at the inner end of the blockand laterally and downwardly opening bearing notches in the sides of thebody adjacent the inner end thereof and pivotally receiving the pins.

10. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein said lower cleat isspaced longitudinally outward of the upper cleat whereby said lowercleat urges the adjacent portions of the cord upwardly andlongitudinally outward about the upper cleat and said upper cleat urgesthe adjacent portions of the cord downwardly and longitudinally inwardabout the lower cleat when the cleats are urged into pressure engagementwith the cord portions, said guide means including longitudinallyspaced, inner and outer vertical cord receiving openings in the blockand the central axis thereof, an upwardly and longitudinally inwardlycurved cord guide groove extending longitudinally inwardly and laterallytoward the other side of the bloclt from the outer opening whereby thecords are guided :into laterally spaced, parallel relationship betweenthe cleats, said pivot means including laterally outwardly projectingpivot pins at the inner end of the block and laterally and downwardlyopening bearing notches in the sides of the body adjacent the inner endthereof and pivotally receiving the pin.

11. A structure as set forth in claim 1 wherein the said pivot means andthe spring means include a common spring part with portions xed to andportions extending between adjacent inner end portions of the body andblock.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,954,941 4/1934 Monnier 160-3432,115,796 5/ 1938 Bradeld 160-168 X 2,564,995 8/ 1951 Rakeman 160-346 102,718,922 9/ 1955 Fetter 16-87.4 X 3,284,053 11/1966 Weber 160--345 X3,294,153 12/1966 Fountain 160-168 DAVID I. WILLIAMOWSKY, PrimaryExaminer P. C. KANNAN, Assistant Examiner U.S. C1. X.R. 160-178

